Indlela Ubushushu Obuphezulu Obuchaphazela NgayoIthrekhi yoMvubukuliUkusebenza

Ukusebenzisa oomatshini abanzima ngexesha leenyanga zasehlotyeni ezishushu kakhulu kungenisa uxinzelelo olukhulu lobushushu kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwesithuthi. Abaphathi beenqanawa kunye neenjineli abasebenza kwiindawo ezomileyo nezinobushushu obuphezulu bahlala beqaphela ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu angqongileyo—adla ngokudlula ama-95°F (35°C)—anokuguqulela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu angaphezulu kwi-asphalt okanye kwikhonkrithi, ngamanye amaxesha adlule ama-140°F (60°C). Kwezi meko zinzima, iindlela zerabha ezisemgangathweni ziwohloka ngokukhawuleza, zihlala zinciphisa ubomi bomzila ngokubanzi ngama-20% ukuya kuma-30%. Ukuqonda amandla obushushu asisiseko kubalulekile ukucacisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ukuseka iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zoxinzelelo, kunye nokuthintela ixesha lokungasebenzi elibizayo ngexesha leeprojekthi ezibalulekileyo.

Iindlela zokungaphumeleli ezinxulumene nobushushu ekufuneka zijongwe

Ukungaphumeleli okunxulumene nobushushu akwenzeki ngobusuku obunye; kubonakala ngokuqhekeka kwezinto ngokuthe ngcembe. Ingxaki eqhelekileyo kukuqhekeka, apho irabha ilahlekelwa bubuthambile bayo, iqine xa ichaphazeleka yi-UV, kwaye ikrazuke kwintsimbi engundoqo. Ukusebenza rhoqo kwi-asphalt eshushu kakhulu kunokunciphisa ubomi berabha obuqhelekileyo kakhulu—kudla ngokunciphisa ubomi beeyure ezili-1,500–2,000 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-800–1,200. Nangona ukuncipha okuchanekileyo kwahluka kakhulu ngokwemveliso, ummandla, kunye nodidi lomatshini, ukuguguleka okukhawulezileyo kuyonakalisa yonke indawo.

Ukongeza, ukwanda kobushushu kuchaphazela isakhiwo sangaphakathi. Njengoko irabha ithambisa kwaye izinto zentsimbi zangaphakathi zishushu (zidla ngokudlula amaqondo obushushu angaphakathi angama-180°F/82°C), umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kweentambo zentsimbi uyanda ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40%. Xa abaqhubi bejika i-torque ephezulu kwiindawo ezixineneyo, irabha ethambileyo ayinakubamba iintambo zentsimbi ezikhulayo, nto leyo edla ngokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kweentambo ezimbi.

Imizila yerabha xa ithelekiswa nemizila yentsimbi xa ithelekiswa neepads zebholti

Xa ucacisaiingoma zeeprojekthi zasehlotyeni, ukuvavanya ukutshintshiselana phakathi kweentlobo zezinto kubalulekile. Imizila yentsimbi engenanto imelana ngokulula nobushushu obugqithisileyo bomphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-300°F/150°C) ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwesakhiwo, kodwa itshabalalisa iindawo ezigangathiweyo, ibeka imiqathango engqongqo yothutho kunye nemithetho yendlela, kwaye yonyusa ukudinwa kwabaqhubi ngokungcangcazela okukhulu kunye nengxolo (ihlala yongeza i-10–15 dB kwingxolo yekhabhinethi). Ngaphezu koko, nangona ingenalo ubushushu bomphezulu ngokwesakhiwo, imizila yentsimbi ihambisa amandla obushushu ngqo kwiirola, ii-idlers, kunye nee-seals. Ngexesha lokusebenza okuhlala kushushu, olu qhushumbo lunokunyusa amaqondo obushushu eoyile kunye negrisi engaphantsi kwesithuthi nge-15°F ukuya kwi-25°F, oku kukhawulezisa ukuguguleka kwetywina.

Umgangathoiindlela zokumba irabhazibonelela ngokubambelela okuhle kakhulu kunye nokukhusela umphezulu, kodwa ziba sengozini enkulu xa amaqondo obushushu omhlaba efikelela kwiincopho zasehlotyeni ezigqithisileyo.

Kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ii-bolt-on okanye ii-clip-on zerabha pads phezu kweetyathanga zentsimbi zihlala zicetyiswa. Le ndlela i-hybrid ivumela i-undercarriage yentsimbi enzima ukuba ithwale umthwalo wesakhiwo kunye nobushushu ngelixa ii-raber pads ezinokutshintshwa zisingatha unxibelelwano lomphezulu, zivumela ukulungiswa kwendawo endaweni yokutshintshwa kwemizila epheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, amaqela okuthenga kufuneka aqwalasele iingozi zokukhulula izixhobo kunye nokuhambelana kohlobo lwekhonkco; ukujikeleza kobushushu kunye nenkunkuma erhabaxa kunokubangela ukuba ii-bolts zibuyele umva, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-pad kancinci ukuba abaqhubi abayijongi rhoqo i-torque.

Iinkcukacha eziphambili zemisebenzi yemozulu eshushu

Ukucacisa izinto ezifanelekileyo zesithuthi esingaphantsi kwemoto kwimisebenzi yemozulu eshushu kufuna ukujonga ngaphaya kokulingana okusisiseko. Iinjineli zeenqwelo-moya kufuneka zihlalutye ngokunzulu iimpawu zezinto kwaye zihambelane neemfuno zokusebenza komatshini. Iphepha leenkcukacha elibonakala lifanelekile kwiimeko zasentwasahlobo eziphakathi liya kusilela phantsi komthwalo ongapheliyo wobushushu weprojekthi yokugalela iipavi kaJulayi.

Ukwenziwa kwe-compound kunye namandla e-carcass

Isiseko sokuqina kobushushu obuphezulu sikwifomyula yekhompawundi. Ukukhethwa kwekhompawundi kufuneka kulinganise ngononophelo ukuguga kobushushu, ukumelana nokukrala, kunye nokumelana nokusika. Endaweni yokuthembela kuphela kwirabha yendalo eqhelekileyo, abathengi kufuneka bajonge imixube ezimeleyo equka ii-elastomers zokwenziwa ezifana neStyrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR), i-chloroprene, okanye i-EPDM, ezinceda ukugcina ukuqina kwesakhiwo kumaqondo obushushu okusebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-175°F (80°C) kwaye zijolise ekuqineni kwe-2,500–3,000 PSI. Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho lwekhompawundi kufuneka luhambelane nemo yokusilela kwindawo yokusebenza; izinto zokwenziwa ezimelana nobushushu ngamanye amaxesha zinokutshintshisa ukumelana nokukrala okanye ukuguquguquka kwemozulu ebandayo xa kuthelekiswa nerabha yendalo.

Ngaphezu koko, iintambo zentsimbi eziqinileyo nezingenamalungu (ezinobubanzi obuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-4.5mm ukuya kwi-5.5mm) zizinto ezilindelekileyo kumgangatho osisiseko kwixesha lanamhlanje.iingoma zerabha zeprimiyamu, hayi uphuculo oluphambili. Amaqela okuthenga kufuneka aqinisekise olu lwakhiwo lwe-carcass kwaye ale ngokucacileyo iimveliso zentambo ezidibeneyo okanye ezidibeneyo eziya kusilela ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwamandla okolula abangelwa bubushushu. Ngokungafaniyo ne-carcass yentambo eqhubekayo, iintsimbi eziphambili ezifakwe ngaphakathi (iikhonkco zentsimbi ezidibanisa i-sprocket yokuqhuba) kufuneka zenziwe nge-drop-forged okanye zisebenzise ii-castings ezikumgangatho ophezulu, eziphathwe ngobushushu. Oku kuthintela ukwaphuka okubuthathaka xa umzila udlula kutshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana okuthembekileyo ne-undercarriage.

Ubunzima bomatshini, umjikelo womsebenzi, kunye neemeko zomphezulu

Ubunzima bokusebenza komatshini kunye nomjikelo womsebenzi ulawula ukuba bungakanani ubushushu bangaphakathi obuveliswa ngokungqubana kunye nokugoba. Ezi zinto zikhula ngokwahlukileyo kwiindidi zobunzima. Umzekelo, ii-mini excavators ezincinci (iitoni eziyi-1.5 ukuya kwezi-3) ezisebenzisa i-continuous shifts zivelisa ubushushu obukhulu be-hysteresis yangaphakathi ngokugoba ngokukhawuleza kwendlela, ngelixa ii-midi excavators ezinzima (iitoni eziyi-5 ukuya kwezi-8) zinamandla amakhulu okucheba kwimizila ngexesha lokujika. Zombini iindlela zikhawulezisa ukuwohloka kobushushu. Ukulwa noku, abaqhubi kufuneka bavumele amaxesha okupholisa aneleyo (umz., imizuzu eli-15 rhoqo emva kweeyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 zokugoba okuqhubekayo) kwaye banciphise ukuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu okungeyomfuneko, njengoko imida yobushushu echanekileyo yahluka ngobukhulu bomatshini, ubushushu obungqongileyo, kunye nohlobo lomphezulu.

Uxinzelelo lokuthwala umhlaba (ngesiqhelo ukusuka kwi-4.0 ukuya kwi-6.5 PSI) nalo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Oomatshini abanoxinzelelo oluphezulu lomhlaba baya kunyanzela ii-track lugs ukuba zingene kakhulu emhlabeni oshushu kakhulu. Irabha ethambileyo yobushushu isengozini enkulu yokungena; igrabile ebukhali kunye nenkunkuma zingena lula kakhulu kwiimeko ezishushu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-lug profile ibe nkulu kwaye ihlale ixesha elide ukuthintela ukubhoboka kungafikeleli kwiintambo zentsimbi.

Ukugcinwa kwentsimi kubushushu obuphezulu

Ukuze kuthintelwe umsantsa phakathi kweenkcukacha zezixhobo ezibonakalayo kunye nenyaniso yokusebenza, abaphathi beendawo kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abaqhubi baphumeza imigaqo engqongqo yokugcinwa kwentsimi ngexesha lemozulu eshushu.

Indlela Yokufumana NokuvumaIindlela zerabha zoMvubukuli

Xa kucaciswa iindlela zokumba iimoto zemozulu yasehlotyeni, ukufumana izinto kufuna okungaphezulu nje kokulinganisa ubungakanani bemoto engaphantsi kwesithuthi. Ndisoloko ndivavanya abavelisi ngokusekelwe kubuchule babo bobuchwephesha obuqinisekisiweyo bokuhambisa imixube yepolymer engatshisi ubushushu.

Ukuhlolwa kwababoneleli kunye namaxwebhu afunekayo

Ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kubushushu, ndifuna amaxwebhu obuchwephesha angqongqo ngaphambi kokuba ndivume umthengisi omtsha. Nangona isiqinisekiso se-ISO 9001 sisebenza njengesiseko solawulo lomgangatho wefektri, ndibeka phambili iingxelo zovavanyo lwezinto ezibunjiweyo (ii-MTR). Kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu, ndicela ababoneleli ngeziphumo zelebhu zomntu wesithathu ezibonisa ukugcinwa kwamandla okuxinana kwerabha emva kokuguga kobushushu, okuhlala kuvavanywa ngokwemigangatho ye-ASTM D573.

Xa ndihlola umboneleli, ndiyaqinisekisa la maxwebhu alandelayo:

• Iingxelo zovavanyo lwezinto:Ukuqinisekisa umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo werabha yendalo kwiipolymers zokwenziwa (njengerabha ye-styrene-butadiene, ephucula ukumelana nobushushu).
• Izivumelwano zewaranti:Ukuqinisekisa ukugqunywa okucacileyo kokonakala kobushushu, ukususwa kwe-delamination, kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-tread.
• Iingxelo zeVulcanization:Ubungqina bokujonga ubushushu noxinzelelo rhoqo ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyanga.

Ukulinganisela iindleko zangaphambili nobomi benkonzo

Amaqela okuthenga ahlala egxila kwixabiso lokuqala, kodwa ndibala ixabiso lilonke lobunini (i-TCO) xaukukhetha iindlela zokumbakwimisebenzi enzima yasehlotyeni. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokulandela umkhondo zinokubiza imali engaphantsi ngama-20% ukuya kuma-30% kwangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza rhoqo kwiindawo ezirhabaxa, ezingama-45°C (113°F) kukhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza ukonakala kwerabha, kunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yomzila ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40%.

Ukutyala imali kwiiingoma zokumba ezikumgangatho ophezuluyenziwe ngezithako ezikhethekileyo zokulwa nokwaluphala ithintela ukolula kwangethuba kunye nokwahlukana kweentambo zentsimbi. Ngokwamava am okulawula iinqanawa zoomatshini abanzima, ukususa isiganeko esinye nje esingacwangciswanga phakathi kwexesha lokuphumla kunciphisa ngokulula inkcitho ephezulu yokuqala yeendlela ezilungiselelwe ubushushu.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Cacisa iindlela ezisekelwe kubushushu bomphezulu wokwenyani, kuba i-asphalt okanye ikhonkrithi zinokudlula i-140°F (60°C) xa amaqondo obushushu omoya emalunga ne-95°F (35°C).
• Lindela ukuba ubomi bomzila werabha obuqhelekileyo buyehla ngama-20% ukuya kuma-30% xa kusetyenzwa ehlotyeni ngaphandle kokuba kusetyenziswa iindlela zokulungisa ezithintela ubushushu.
• Kuphephe ukujika ngamandla xa ujikeleza umgaqo oshushu kakhulu, kuba irabha ethambileyo kunye neentambo zentsimbi ezikhulayo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kweentambo kunye nokuqhekeka kweentambo.
• Sebenzisa imigca yentsimbi engenanto kuphela xa umonakalo womphezulu, ingxolo eyongezelelweyo, imiqathango yokuthutha, kunye nokudluliselwa kobushushu kwiiseal kunye neeroller zizinto ezamkelekileyo.
• Cinga ngee-bolt-on okanye ii-clip-on zerabha kwiindawo ezixutyiweyo, kodwa cwangcisa ukujonga rhoqo i-hardware torque kuba ukujikeleza kobushushu kunokukhulula ii-bolts.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Luluphi ubushushu bomhlaba obunobungozi ngokwesiqheloiindlela zokumba irabha?

Iindlela zerabha eziqhelekileyo ziba sesichengeni xa amaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-asphalt okanye i-concrete esondela okanye edlula i-140°F (60°C), nokuba umoya ojikeleze umhlaba umalunga ne-95°F (35°C) kuphela.

Ubushushu basehlotyeni bunokunciphisa kangakanani ubomi bomzila ngerabha?

Ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokunciphisa ubomi bendlela yerabha iyonke ngama-20% ukuya kuma-30%. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ubomi obuqhelekileyo beeyure ezili-1,500–2,000 bunokwehla bufikelele kwiiyure ezingama-800–1,200.

Zeziphi iingxaki eziphambili ezinxulumene nobushushu ekufuneka uziqaphele?

Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusilela ziquka ukunqunqa irabha, ukuqina ngenxa yokuvezwa yi-UV, ukwahlukana kweentambo zentsimbi, kunye nokuqhekeka kweentambo okubangelwa kukujika kwe-torque ephezulu kwiindawo ezishushu nezinokungqubana okuphezulu.

Ngaba imizila yentsimbi ingcono kunemizila yerabha xa kushushu kakhulu?

Imizila yentsimbi iyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa inokonakalisa indlela, yonyuse ingxolo yekhabhathi nge-10–15 dB, ijongane nemiqathango yokusetyenziswa kwendlela, kwaye idlulisele ubushushu kwiirola, ii-idlers, kunye nee-seal.

Kunini apho kufuneka ndicinge ngee-bolt-on raber pads phezu kweetsheyini zentsimbi?

Ii-bolt-on okanye ii-clip-on zerabha ziluncedo kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuba intsimbi ithwala umthwalo wesakhiwo ngelixa ii-pads ezinokuthi zitshintshwe zikhusela iindawo ezigangathiweyo. Zifuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwe-torque ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhululeka.