Qala

Kwangeminyaka yoo-1830s kamsinya nje emva kokuzalwa kwemoto yomphunga, abanye abantu bakhawula ukunika ivili lemoto iseti iinkuni kunye “neengoma” zerabha, ukuze iimoto ezinomphunga onzima zikwazi ukuhamba kumhlaba othambileyo, kodwa ukusebenza komkhondo kwasekuqaleni kunye nesiphumo ayilunganga, de kwangowe-1901 xa iLombard eUnited States yavelisa isithuthi sokutsala samahlathi, yavelisa kuphela umzila wokuqala onesiphumo esihle esisebenzayo.Kwiminyaka emithathu emva koko, injineli yaseCalifornia uHolt wasebenzisa uyilo lukaLombard ukuyila nokwakha “i-77″ yetrekta yomphunga.

Yayiyitrektara yokuqala elandelwayo emhlabeni.Ngomhla wama-24 kuNovemba ka-1904, itrektara yenza uvavanyo lwayo lokuqala kwaye kamva yafakwa kwimveliso yobuninzi.Ngo-1906, inkampani yokuvelisa itrektara kaHolt yakha i-petroli yokuqala yehlabathi ye-petroli yokutshisa ngaphakathi kwe-injini ye-crawler, eyaqala imveliso enkulu kunyaka olandelayo, yayiyeyona mpumelelo yetrektara yelo xesha, kwaye yaba ngumzekelo wetanki yokuqala yehlabathi eyaphuhliswa yiBritani. kwiminyaka embalwa kamva.Ngomnyaka we-1915, iBritish yaphuhlisa itanki ethi "Little Wanderer" ilandela iitrekta ze-American "Brock".Ngomnyaka we-1916, iitanki eziphuhliswe eFransi "Schnad" kunye ne "Saint-Chamonix" zazilandela iitrekta ze-American "Holt".Abarhubululi baye bangena kwimbali yamatanki phantse i-90 entwasahlobo nasekwindla ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwaye iingoma zanamhlanje, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi iifom zazo zesakhiwo okanye izixhobo, ukusetyenzwa, njl. ukumelana novavanyo lwemfazwe.

Yakha

Iingoma ziintambo eziguquguqukayo eziqhutywa ngamavili asebenzayo ajikeleze amavili asebenzayo, amavili omthwalo, amavili okungenisa kunye neepulleys ezithwala.Iingoma zenziwe ngezihlangu zengoma kunye nezikhonkwane zomzila.Izikhonkwane zengoma zidibanisa iingoma ukwenza ikhonkco lengoma.Iziphelo ezibini zesihlangu somzila zinomngxuma, zixutywe ngevili elisebenzayo, kwaye kukho amazinyo e-inducing phakathi, asetyenziselwa ukulungisa umzila kunye nokuthintela umkhondo ukuba ungawi xa itanki ijika okanye iqengqeleka, kwaye apho. yimbambo eyomeleziweyo echasene ne-slip (ebizwa ngokuba yipateni) kwicala loqhagamshelwano lomhlaba ukuze kuphuculwe ukuqina kwesihlangu somzila kunye nokubambelela komzila emhlabeni.